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Nikolay Nikolayevich Raevsky ((ロシア語:Николай Николаевич Раевский); — )〔(Раевский Николай Николаевич ), Great Soviet Encyclopedia (in Russian)〕 was a Russian general and statesman who achieved fame for his feats of arms during the Napoleonic Wars. His family left a lasting legacy in Russian society and culture. ==Early life== Nikolay Raevsky was born in Saint Petersburg.〔Sutherland, 13〕 He descended from the Rayevsky noble family which has claimed remote Scandinavian and Polish-Lithuanian ancestry.〔According to family traditions, their ancestors left Denmark to settle in Livonia during the fourteenth century and, by the 16th century, had acquired Polish nationality. They were granted the Łabędź Coat of Arms by King Sigismund III, in the early seventeenth century. See: Sutherland, 12–13.〕 One of Peter the Great's great grandmothers came from the Raevsky family.〔See :ru:Нарышкина, Анна Леонтьевна.〕 Nikolay's grandfather, Semyon Raevsky, was the Prosecutor of the Holy Synod. The family rose to prominence in Russia when Raevsky's father, Colonel Nikolay Semyonovich Raevsky, commander of the elite Izmaylovsky Regiment, married Ekaterina Samoylova.〔Montefiore, Simon Sebag. ''Prince of Princes: The Life of Potemkin,'' p. 452 London: Thomas Dunne Books, 2001〕 Ekaterina was a lady-in-waiting and close friend of Empress Catherine II, and a niece of the Empress’ influential favorite, Prince Potemkin.〔〔Roosevelt, Priscilla. ''Life on the Russian Country Estate,'' p. 182 New Haven: Yale University Press, 1995〕 Ekaterina’s brother was the general and statesman, Count Alexander Samoylov. Nikolay Semyonovich Raevsky was killed in action during the Russo-Turkish War, 1768-1774 at Iaşi, dying several months before the birth of his son, General Nikolay Raevsky.〔Sutherland, 14〕 Not long after the Colonel’s death, the Empress arranged for Raevsky's mother to marry a wealthy landowner, Lev Davydov, who proved to be a generous stepfather.〔Sutherland, 14, 16–17〕 Raevsky was enrolled in the Leib-Guard Semyonovsky Regiment at a very early age. On 30 April 1777 he was promoted to sergeant and on 1 January 1786 to ensign. On 23 February 1789 he was transferred to the Nizhegorodsky Dragoon Regiment with the rank of premier-major. With this regiment he took part in the Russo-Turkish War, 1787-1792 and distinguished himself at Bendery and Akkerman. In recognition of his valor, Raevsky was promoted on 1 September 1790 to lieutenant colonel and became the chief of a Cossack regiment. After the peace treaty was concluded, he took part in the Polish-Russian War of 1792 with the Nizhegorodsky Dragoon Regiment. For this campaign he received on 28 June 1792 the Order of St. George of the 4th degree and the gold sword with an inscription ''for bravery''. When the war with Persia erupted in 1796, Raevsky, under command of Count Valerian Zubov, took part in the taking of Derbent and in other engagements. Upon his ascension to the throne, Emperor Paul I recalled the army back to Russia, and had Raevsky dismissed from the military because of his relationship to Prince Potemkin, whom Paul detested. After Paul's murder, and Alexander I's assumption of the throne, Raevsky rejoined the army and was promoted to the rank of Major General.〔Sutherland, 17〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Nikolay Raevsky」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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